![]() ![]() Grid decarbonization offers a significant opportunity to reduce the impact of battery manufacturing. However, recent estimates of battery manufacturing emissions vary by a factor of 10, indicating the need for additional research in this field. Battery manufacturing emissions appear to be of similar magnitude to the manufacturing of an average internal combustion engine vehicle, or approximately a quarter of an electric car’s lifetime emissions. Approximately half of a battery’s emissions come from electricity used in the manufacturing process. An electric vehicle’s higher emissions during the manufacturing stage are paid off after only 2 years compared to driving an average conventional vehicle, a time frame that drops to about one and a half years if the car is charged using renewable energy. This finding bolsters governments’ goals to promote electric cars as part of their decarbonization strategies.īattery manufacturing life-cycle emissions debt is quickly paid off. In markets with very low-carbon electricity, such as Norway or France, electric vehicles produce less than a third of the life-cycle emissions of an average combustion-engine vehicle. Plug-in hybrid vehicles, when driven on electric power for most trips, have lifecycle emissions similar to battery electric vehicles. Furthermore, an electric car using average European electricity is almost 30% cleaner over its life cycle compared to even the most efficient internal combustion engine vehicle on the market today. ![]() We find that a typical electric car today produces just half of the greenhouse gas emissions of an average European passenger car. ![]() Finally, we discuss the primary drivers of battery manufacturing emissions and how these emissions could be further mitigated in the future.Įlectric cars are much cleaner than internal combustion engine cars over their lifetime. We analyze this research in the overall context of life-cycle emissions of electric cars as compared to conventional internal combustion vehicles in Europe. This briefing reviews recent research regarding greenhouse gas emissions from the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. ![]()
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